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México – 4/May/2022
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Una investigadora de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Cuautitlán de la UNAM diseñó una patente que logra adsorber los contaminantes del agua, incluso aquellos ocasionados por derrames de petróleo en el mar.
Yolanda Marina Vargas Rodríguez desarrolló nanotubos de un mineral de arcilla, que se llama haloisita, y de magnetita, un mineral que general magnetismo para garantizar la adsorción de bacterias, sustancias radiactivas, virus, parásitos, fertilizantes, pesticidas, fármacos, nitratos, fosfatos, plásticos y desechos fecales del agua.
El proceso de adsorción consiste en la adhesión de átomos, iones o moléculas hacia una superficie, esto quiere decir, que los materiales retienen todos los contaminantes y los separan del agua.
Estos nanotubos son capaces de recuperar el petróleo del mar y garantizan que el hidrocarburo pueda reutilizarse.
Vargas Rodríguez y su equipo llevan ocho años desarrollando diversas estrategias para descontaminar el agua y durante estos avances encontraron que la magnetita no contamina y puede recuperar el petróleo sin generar más polución en el mar.
“Cabe destacar que cuando este se recobra se puede reutilizar, ya que se emplea poco material magnético y, aunque queden algunos residuos, permanecen en los asfaltenos (compuestos químicos orgánicos del hidrocarburo crudo), lo cual le genera modificaciones. Por tanto, es factible procesarlo o destilarlo”, explicó la UNAM.
La patente de Vargas Rodríguez quedó registrada en 2021 como Nanocomposito magnético, su proceso de síntesis y proceso de recuperación de petróleo o aceites de cuerpo de agua usando dicho nanocomposito.
Con el uso de esta patente se daría solución a los problemas que presentan los derrames de petróleo en el mar, pues actualmente se agregan tensoactivos que afectan la cadena alimentaria y causan daños irreversibles en la flora y fauna.
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