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Estados Unidos – 9/Sep/2021
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Científicos estadounidenses crean la primera vacuna experimental para combatir la adicción de drogas. Para evitar su uso desmedido, los expertos bloquearon el acceso de la oxicodona al cerebro, una clase de analgésico opioide que genera la sensación de euforia, que en exceso, puede afectar los centros respiratorios cerebrales y desencadenar la muerte por sobredosis.
El trabajo, liderado por Investigadores de la Universidad de Columbia, se llevó a cabo a propósito del aumento sin precedentes de muertes por sobredosis, durante el 2020. Las cifras oscilaron entre los 87 mil fallecidos, un 74% más en comparación de los casos registrados en 2019, en la que se estimaron 50 mil muertes.
Los psicotrópicos más utilizados, durante la pandemia, fueron el fentanilo y otros opioides sintéticos.
Sandra Comer, neurobióloga de la universidad, expresó que si bien ya existen tratamientos que reducen el consumo de drogas, el 50% de personas vuelven a utilizarlos después de seis meses.
«Una vacuna que dura varios meses, administrada en combinación con cualquiera de estos medicamentos, podría ayudar a muchas más personas a vencer su adicción y potencialmente protegerlas de una muerte por sobredosis si un paciente recae», aseguró el psiquiatra Jeffrey A. Lieberman.
Marco Pravetoni, quien desarrolló el antígeno, explicó que está diseñado para generar anticuerpos contra la oxicodona, un opioide que es recetado en medicina y del que, comúnmente, se abusa por los efectos que produce en el cerebro.
Esto evitará que el psicoactivo rebase la barrera hematoencefálica, la que se encarga de obstruir el paso que las sustancias dañinas que buscan penetrar en el encéfalo, que a su vez, se encarga de controlar el pensamiento, la memoria, las emociones, las habilidades motoras, entre otras..
En las fases tempranas del ensayo clínico, la vacuna fue administrada en animales. Luego de la inoculación, redujeron la autoadministración del fármaco. Gracias a estos resultados, la Universidad de Columbia integró a 24 voluntarios que recurren al uso de opioides.
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